Logan Observatory

Logan is one of the world’s largest drone delivery trial sites. What do locals feel about the presence of commercial and autonomous drone delivery systems in their neighbourhood?

A collage image of a drone, overlaid on a map annotated with graphic shapes

A delivery drone in the sky above Logan, adapted from a film still from AI In The Street: Drone Observatory

Streets In The Sky

Logan is the “drone delivery capital of the world“ - a trial site for autonomous delivery systems. We collaborated with local people to explore the space above our heads as a street in order to provide insight into the sensory and experiential aspects of living with drones.

Logan is a peri-urban township in Queensland, Australia. It has a population of approximately 380,000 people and is one of the fastest growing local government areas in the country. Logan has also been named “the drone delivery capital of the world.”

Since 2019, the city has been a major trial site for autonomous, commercial drone delivery systems. These trials are run by the California-based company Wing Aviation, a subsidiary of the multinational giant Alphabet Inc. 

In practice, the trials involve eligible residents becoming enrolled as live-users for Wing’s app-based delivery platform. The app works much like other delivery services such as UberEats or DoorDash. After signing up for the service, customers use the app to place and pay for their delivery orders. Once the order is received, items are packaged at local base stations (called “nests”), then attached to a drone and delivered to customer households using the drone’s autonomous navigation system. On arrival, the package is lowered by a winch, automatically detaching from the drone before it returns to the nest. Delivery time in the trial zones are incredibly fast, taking an average of 10 minutes, with the fastest ever delivery— from order placement to arrival at doorstep — as 2 minutes and 47 seconds

The aim in Logan has been to develop an AI observatory for “streets in the sky,” extending the concept of the street to include the space above our heads and not just the ground beneath our feet.

We invited everyday publics who live in drone delivery trial sites to provide insight into the sensory and experiential aspects of living with drones  — from the convenience of fast delivery, to impacts on small businesses, and the feeling of being a “guinea pig” for big tech innovation. 

This observatory is part of a broader project led by international co-investigator Dr Thao Phan examining the social impacts of commercial drone delivery testing in Australian communities. It was developed in collaboration with UX designer and researcher Jiyoon Lee and documentary film-maker Jeni Lee.

AI in the Street: Drone Observatory

A short film about drone delivery trials in Logan, Australia.

Drone Observatory Features: Maz & Baz, Colleen & Stuart, Michael, Percy, Matai, Anita

Directed by: Thao Phan & Jeni Lee

Filmed and edited by: Jeni Lee

Additional camera and drone: Sieh Mchawala

Design and additional consultancy: Jiyoon Lee

  • [Audio] A flying drone, making a high pitched mechanical whining buzz.

    [Caption]

    AI in the Street: Drone Observatory.

    Logan, Queensland. Since 2019, the city of Logan has been host to one of the world's largest commercial drone delivery trials. The trials are run by Wing Aviation, a subsidiary of the multinational giant Alphabet. What do locals have to say about drone delivery in their neighbourhoods?

    The Friendly Grocer, Logan

    Do you need a hand with the water?

    Yes please

    Carry this, carry that.

    You won't need gym eh?

    Yeah, gym's boring.

    You've done well.

    Thank you.

    For an electric thermometer that would be better because that's like a laser So it needs the high powered. But that will get you out of trouble.

    Excellent, thank you very much.

    No problems, you're welcome. Seeya darl.

    How did you get involved with the Wing trials?

    Wing got in touch with our landlord to put up a display, Displaying their drone. And I happened to walk past and I'm into drones, I like drones, I've got a drone. And started asking some questions. And they said, “Well would you like to be a part of this where we can deliver your groceries to your customers?”. And I straightaway said, “Yeah, why not?”

    And I just thought it was like a bit of a gimmicky thing. I didn't think it was going to be what it ended up being.

    It started off from a couple of loaves of bread, a couple of litres of milk per week to van loads of stock going to their depots. And then it got really busy.

    We were doing three different drops every day of the week except for Sunday, So it became very, very popular. So it was really good for the customer, it was good for us, and I think it was good for Wing to prove that they could do it.

    What did you order?

    I think we've got a chocolate ice cream on the way

    Yep, fudge brownie ice cream

    But if it takes too long in this heat it will probably be fudge sauce.

    Col, do you want to grab Kate? I can hear something.

    Good girl. What's coming today? Hey? What's coming today? Good girl

    There it goes. You wait. Wait. Waiting… good girl.

    Right, lets go see what..

    Waiting, careful, good girl. Yes. You leave that alone. Thank you.

    Get this in before it melts.

    So when did you first notice that drone delivery was being trialled here?

    We were contacted, I think in the mailbox. No, we saw a big billboard. We were right at the start.

    Yeah thought, “Hey, what's that?” Searched. Wing. “Okay, Logan, yay!” Saw it was in Finland, Canberra, and Logan was an early release site. Had a look at the businesses: we used to go to Extraction Coffee for breakfast. So, yeah, Extraction Coffee delivered, sign me up.

    So when did you first notice that drone delivery was being trialled here?

    I just, yeah, now, to be honest, I didn't know there was. I heard something about drone delivery, but I didn't know that there was drone delivery here in Springwood and Logan.

    What are your thoughts about drone delivery in Logan?

    I reckon it's a good idea, coz then it saves you going out. Just ring up, they drop it off, done. Easy.

    You ever used it before?

    No, never tried it. Thinking about it but never tried it.

    Why not?

    I dunno, I really don't know how to use it I suppose.

    Have you ever used drone delivery here?

    No, but a couple of my neighbours have.

    And what do you feel about that?

    It looks pretty hectic. Something new eh? It looks alright eh.

    When we first signed up it was touted as being an experiment. Will it work in Logan, will it work at all? Can we not hit it with an aeroplane? Are we going to fly into jets? All that kind of stuff. It made us busier, we

    pushed through more stock, like we were ordering more stock and it was profitable,

    It was a niche thing, no one did it

    I know my parents live down the road In Heritage Park. We’d be over mum and dad’s house and we’d see the drone

    come three or four times in half an hour, just delivering stuff and we'd say, oh yeah, that's coming from us, yeah. So it was really good and you'd see drones everywhere, now you don't see them.

    But you know the potential, to my God.

    We're doing repairs and I've run out of silicon. Drone delivery, silicon from the hardware. Hot chook, don't fancy cooking,

    Want a hot chook? They got any left?

    Yep, drone delivery, hot chook.

    But the guys- the grocery shop that was supplying into Wings- was the one that we used by choice.

    Oh, Maz and Baz?

    And who is this?

    That's mum, that's my brother Baz. Whole family. The whole family.

    Sometimes she gets confused, this young one. She looks at him and goes, 'Is that my dad?'

    Oh, he looks similar.

    So you guys twins? What's happening here?

    Nah, I am a year and a half older than him.

    If you've watched Twins the movie, Danny DeVito, Arnold.

    Oh, you're claiming Arnold? Yeah.

    Okay well we've been here 24 years. Thankfully we've got a really good rapport with our customers. That you know we're always here. We're here from six in the morning to eight at night, seven days a week. We just treat our customers like family because we've always lived and worked in the area with them.

    Come on in guys.

    That's on of the bikies, that's one of the tradies.

    I think we'd much prefer to support local business than major chains. It's our philosophy too. But I think a lot of people do that.

    He's usually on channel 7, channel 9. When he is chasing people.

    Crime stoppers?

    Yeah, crime stoppers.

    He had a guy come in with an axe. And he threw tuna cans at him. Went viral.

    I read about you guys.

    Yep, that's the tuna man.

    He came in though here. And Baz was doing the bread or something. And he saw this guy with a mask on and that. And he ran down here and grabbed cans of tuna, And the guy chased him this way, and he started pelting him with them. Couldn't throw a ball to save his life. Three shots, three hits. I said, 'why didn't you go the baked beans?' He goes, 'Oh, I just grabbed whatever I could'.

    Logan's the biggest drone delivery...

    Sweet.

    Biggest drone delivery location in the world.

    True?

    Yeah, hectic.

    So Logan, I don't know if you know, Is one of the worlds largest drone delivery trial sites.

    Yes, I did read up about that, I've gone 'Go Logan.'

    Part of what we are trying to understand is why they chose Logan. I’ve noticed Logan has a bit of a reputation

    It certainly had that reputation of, you know, high crime. And also low S.E. Yeah. In my opinion, maybe they are looking for lower class sales with drone.

    So, small things, which aren't expensive, will appeal in a low SE environment.

    And if you could deliver a couple of cans of beer with that thing, there would be a carpet of drones. The people would do it, I think it wasn't cheap coffee, don't get me wrong, but it was cheap enough that it was pocket change.

    Because it's so multicultural and there's so many people living here, and it's huge!

    I think we engendered the diversity and I think when you've got a diverse population, you have more flexibility and adaptability.

    Oh yeah half my customers are islanders And they are great, we love 'emThat's our New Zealand chips and biscuits And stuff like that. Very multicultural.

    It's technical and it's fun and the kids love it.

    Now, we had people come to our house just to watch the damn thing.

    Certainly from our point of view, We're kind of proud of it!

    So what do you think happened there in between?

    I think the business model changed and I think they're looking for expansion into greater markets I mean, we never, ever found out a lot. But all of a sudden the smaller businesses

    weren't there and Coles appeared and you sort of think, what do I want from Coles? They pulled out virtually overnight. And it was so rapid, with very limited communication. It reeked of a... You've been around business long enough, you know. Okay, the business model's changed. They want to sign up the big guns andtherefore it pushes the small people out.

    I think with proving that they can do it and they did that, that's when they sort of said, okay, well, we don't need the small businesses anymore. We don't need the extra outlay, the costs of having the depots and all the staff and all that happening. And I think that's where it sort

    of went pear-shaped after that. Once they'd proven it, then they thought, Let's go to Coles, let's go to Doordash, let's go to the big guys and do it that way. So, disappointing, but that's the way it went, yeah.

    We used to get sushi, kebabs, all sorts of things. But now it's very, very limited. And very upsetting, cause I loved it.

    Did you use it a lot?

    I did use it a lot.

    But now I don't really use it that much, Because again they charge. For what? Kinda deal... So I don't use a lot of food deliveries anymore because of the expense. We never got a lot of communication from Wing And we just stopped using it. Because there wasn't a product offering that appealed.

    It's not right for them to do that.

    Definitely not. But that's the only way they can prove to councils and then later state governments and later to the Civil Aviation Board that, yes, we're a drone company, we can make this work, we'll prove to you we can make this work and this is how we're going to do it. So we were just like a stepping stone.

    They didn't come and ask the people in Logan if they wanted it to happen.

    I'd prefer more infrastructure, more to public transport or more to the upkeep of parks and recreation. More advancement in, you know, in the area, rather than drones. Doesn't benefit, you know the people that are living here. There's a housing crisis, you know what I mean, Look after the people. Don't, that doesn't look after anybody. But if your research does jingle some change somewhere, which I hope it does, then either... Especially if you're looking at, you know, limiting environmental impact, climate impact, optimising, you know, aged care services, delivery of essential goods, you know, meals on wheels via drone. I'm in it.

    We were just a guinea pig. Let's test the skies. Let's test and see if this can work. Let's prove to the bean counters back in the US that we can make this work. And they did… And for all of a sudden for you to say, "We don't want to deal with you anymore." We're going to deal with Coles and DoorDash and whoever. It's quite disappointing. Like, they'll say, "look, today we're doing this, tomorrow we're doing that. We're usually the last people to know. That's the way big business works. They gotta make it work for them.

    And you guys do what you can in the meantime.

    Yeah. Meanwhile... We'll still be around. Yeah.

    You ever need a dog leash or something.

    We got them, we got everything.

    [Caption] Drone Observatory Features:

    Maz & Baz

    Colleen & Stuart

    Michael

    Percy

    Matai

    Anita

    Directed by Thao Phan & Jeni Lee

    Filmed and editeb by Jeni Lee

    Additional camera and drone Sieh Mchawala

    Design and additional consultancy Jiyoon Lee

“We were just guinea pigs. Let’s test the skies, let’s test and see if this can work. Let’s prove to the bean counters back in the US that we can make this work. And then they did, and then for all of sudden to say we’re not going to deal with you any more we’re going to deal with Coles and DoorDash and whoever, it’s quite disappointing. They’ll say today we’re doing this, tomorrow we’re doing that. We’re usually the last people to know”

– Maz, Logan small business owner.

Methodology

The Logan observatory employed a mixed participatory research and visual methods approach.

It was divided into two stages. In stage 1, we designed an online data donation portal inviting local publics to donate photos, videos, and anecdotes describing their experiences of living within Australia’s drone delivery trial zones.

This portal was designed by UX designer and researcher Jiyoon Lee and was promoted through a number of public channels:-

  1. using a public op-ed in The Conversation,

  2. through interviews on local local radio stations (including ABC Radio Brisbane, ABC Radio National, ABC Radio Sydney), and,

  3. through local community Facebook groups based in Logan and Surrounds. 

In stage 2, the research team then invited people who had submitted responses to take part in creating a short documentary film reflecting their experiences.

The filming and editing process was led by researcher and documentary film-maker, Jeni Lee, who specialises in communication for social change. We aimed to include a diverse range of local voices: from small business owners, to long term residents, and people who had newly settled to the area.

These participants were invited to narrate their experiences to the camera and film crew. In some cases, these interactions took the form of formal interviews, in other cases, they included recreations and tours of local areas.

The footage was then edited into a 13-minute short documentary targeted at policy makers and general audiences. 

Stage 1 and 2 of the research was conducted under the approval of Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID 42606).

Participants

We worked with many people – academics, domain experts and local community members – to give us a broad set of experience and approaches as we ran the observatory.

Thao Phan

Thao Phan is a science and technology studies (STS) researcher who is interested in the social and cultural impacts of AI. She is a Research Fellow at Monash University in Melbourne and is the project lead for the Monash node of AI in the street

Jeni Lee

Jeni Lee is a filmmaker with 15 years of experience collaborating with diverse community groups, organisations, activists, artists and academics to produce people-centred documentary films. She is a Research Fellow at Monash University and is the project assistant for the Monash node of AI in the street.

Jiyoon Lee

Jiyoon Lee is a designer and researcher who uses design practice to understand frameworks for inclusive future mobility. She is an Assistant Lecturer at Monash University is the design lead for the Monash node of AI in the street.

Sieh Mchawala

Sieh Mchawala is a director, filmmaker and drone camera operator.

“They didn’t come and ask the people in Logan if they wanted it to happen. I’d prefer more infrastructure, more to public transport and the upkeep of parks and recreation, more advancement in the area than drones. It doesn’t benefit the people that are living here. There’s a housing crisis. Look after the people. That doesn’t look after anybody, in my opinion.”

– Michael, resident in Logan since 2022.

What We Observed

  • A hand holding a mobile phone, ordering chocolate ice cream. The image is overlaid with icons of drones, and location tracking

    Novelty or Sustainable Business?

    People were excited by the novelty and the promise of innovation but were disappointed by the business model.

    When the trials were first in operation, Wing had partnered exclusively with local business but then as the trials progressed these businesses were abandoned in favour of major partnerships with companies like Coles and DoorDash.

  • A Grocery store owner explains how he got involved with the trial. Overlaid with drone icons, and a map of Logan

    Poorly communicated change can make people feel used.

    Many residents expressed feelings of pride at being the world’s largest commercial drone delivery trial site but this quickly turned to disappointment when the service changed and local businesses were no longer involved.

    Some described this as a failure in communication on behalf of Wing and in many cases felt “used” by the company and treated like “guinea pigs”

  • A Logan resident talks about 'lower class sales'

    Diversity is an asset that can be exploited.

    Many felt that Logan had been targeted as a trial site because of its reputation as a high crime, low socio-economic area.

    According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Logan is in the top ten per cent of disadvantaged suburbs in the country. It is also home to more than 230+ different cultural and language groups making it an exceptional multicultural and diverse population.

    Many described this ethnic diversity as a strength of the community but also an asset for businesses like Wing who were looking to find diverse markets to trial their service.

  • Facebook comments where users disagree about the delivery service

    Trial communities expect benefit from innovation.

    While Wing still operates in the area, many choose not to use the service because the service now charges delivery fees and it is an additional expense.

    This was situated in the context of a broader cost of living and housing crisis with drones seen as a wasted investment that did not directly benefit the local community.

“I think we engender the diversity and when you have a diverse population, you have flexibility and adaptability.”

– Colleen, early adopter and long-term Logan Resident.

Links

Acknowledgement of Country

In the spirit of reconciliation we acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of Country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community. We pay our respect to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today.

Research Findings in Depth: The Observatories

  • A collage of a polaroid photo of a busy city street

    Cambridge, UK

    What data do disabled people need to move through the street, and how does urban infrastructure interact with the lived experience of access needs?

  • Street Camera

    Coventry, UK

    How does the AI infrastructure needed for autonomous vehicle trials impact other human and more-than-human users of the street - and how might we see and hear the effects?

  • A collage of photos of a black box raised up above a pavement.

    Edinburgh, UK

    Engaging with residents and users of Leith Walk, seeking to capture everyday encounters with AI and understand people’s views of AI’s impact on the street.

  • A Collage of Maz, a greengrocer from Logan, talking about drone delivery. He is on a yellow map of Logan, and overlaid with a mesh of drone icons.

    Logan, AUS

    Logan is one of the world’s largest drone delivery trial sites. But what do locals feel about the presence of commercial and autonomous drone delivery systems in their neighbourhood?

  • Polaroid Image of a Cluttered Street

    London, UK

    How does AI fulfil expectations, desires and requirements in the street, and what complications does it create? Might innovation emerge from community-driven (rather than industry-led) design?